Sunday, January 30, 2022

 

Where do I report my UFO sighting?

 

Where do I report my UFO sighting?


 

So, you think you’ve seen a UFO! Congratulations!

Now what?

Well, you’ve joined a somewhat exclusive club. Surveys and statistical studies have suggested that one out of every ten North Americans has seen a UFO. There are reports on record from a very broad spectrum of people, from pilots to farmers, and from children to seniors, all genders, from coast to coast to coast (to coast).

The difference is that this data comes from UFO reports, and you haven’t reported your sighting yet.

Other surveys have shown that only one in ten of all UFO witnesses will ever bother to make a formal report of a sighting, so that means you have to decide if you want to file one or not.

But how? And to whom, or which organization?

Unfortunately, there isn’t one central location to report a UFO. This, despite the apparent huge amount of interest and publicity and media attention to the subject. But the fundamental basis for ufology is the UFO report itself, and there’s not much being done to gather this actual data, upon which is built all the speculation concerning UAP propulsion, physical composition, and (by ET believers) the aliens themselves.

I found that Googling “How do I report a UFO” generates five answers.

The first is “UFO Daddy”, which directs you to the Mutual UFO Network (MUFON), a private organization of UFO fans that trains teams of Field Investigators (FIs) to investigate your UFO sighting.

The second hit is a UFO FAQ on HubPages, which first notes: “According to NASA’s web page, you should report UFO sightings to 911, or your local emergency number. However, there is no official government agency that is responsible for investigating sightings.” However, the web page in question has nothing to do with UFOs and the original must have been deleted long ago. Curiously, if you search for “UFO” on that NASA web page, you get one link that is to an explanation about how an unusual object photographed during Apollo 16 was actually a long boom and floodlight attached to the spacecraft. But with no relevance to a typical UFO sighting.

The other three answers are garbage UFO sites with general comments from readers.

It seems like the first option is the best: MUFON. If you go to its website, you can find a link to a page for reporting a UFO to them.

Done!

Oh, wait, what about the suggestion to reporting UFO sightings to 911? That’s a very reasonable possibility. After all, that way you can lodge a formal complaint and you know that police do have investigators that will do something about it. Maybe you should do that first.

Or not. Because calling 911 about a UFO sighting may take an emergency responder away from a call about a medical emergency or a heinous crime in progress. No, don’t do that.

That site also noted that “there is no official government agency that is responsible for investigating sightings.”

But haven’t we heard in the media and news recently that there is such an agency? Wouldn’t it be better to report a UFO sighting to an official body?

I guess so, but how, exactly? NASA seems uninterested, despite what we found. What about the air force?

The USAF website says the following: “Persons wishing to report UFO sightings should be advised to contact local law enforcement agencies.”

That’s funny. I thought the USAF had a task force to investigate UFOs (or UAPs, as they are called now, apparently).

Oh, it’s the US Navy is going to be investigating UFOs. But there’s no indication of how they will collecting UFO or UAP data, nor how an average citizen can report a sighting. In fact, Pentagon’s Task Force on UAPs issued its first report and noted that only a relative handful of military UAP sightings were studied. (Only 144, to be exact.) Its report noted that its investigation: “…remains limited to USG reporting.”

So although the Department of Defense is going to be studying UFO/UAP reports to see if any are a threat to national security, they aren’t interested in your personal sighting. But you might try anyway, by emailing the USAF with your sighting details. Otherwise, maybe do what the USAF suggests, and report your sighting to your local police.

Good luck with that.

Okay, what about other UFO groups and organizations?

Absolutely. Many are very eager to get your sighting reports. Many have websites with online forms to fill out.

A significant one is the National UFO Reporting Center (NUFORC), based in Washington State. They get many hundreds of cases each year reported to them, and their info is open to the public, unlike MUFON, whose case reports are private. So if you want others to know what you saw, NUFORC is a good option.

Another is UFOs Northwest, originally devoted to the American Northwest, but now accepting reports from all around the world. They also post details of everyone’s UFO sightings and allow for comments and letters.

A group with a good website is UFO Hunters. They are exactly what they say they are, a group of people dedicated to searching for UFOs, and readily acknowledge the work of NUFORC and MUFON. UFO Hunters has an added bonus of providing an interactive map that shows UFO activity around the world, and has a searchable index.

The group with historically the best record is the Center for UFO Studies (CUFOS). It was the creation of the “Grandfather of Ufology,” Dr. J. Allen Hynek, who worked with the USAF and then went rogue, saying that the USAF ignored all the good cases.

Of course, other countries have their own UFO groups and organizations, all of which accept UFO sighting reports. The largest of these is the British UFO Research Association (BUFORA). In Italy, there’s the Centro Italiano Studi Ufologici (CISU), and they have an online UFO report form you can email to them. A French group, Groupe d'Études et d'Informations sur les Phénomènes Aérospatiaux Non-identifiés (GEIPAN), is very active and has an interactive website where you can not only report your UFO sighting, but also triage it, so you might be able to yourself identify what you saw. There are other groups around the world, and you can search for them online. (Here’s what Wikipedia says.)

In North America, both Canada and Mexico also have groups that investigate UFOs. Canada is particularly of interest, because not only are there civilian UFO groups, but its government also has taken an interest in UFOs.

The Canadian UFO Survey has been cataloguing UFO sightings there for more than 30 years. An online web form can send them your report if you see one in Canada. There’s a second form to reach them on a podcast website.

The Canadian UFO Survey includes sightings reported to a host of other groups in Canada, such as UFOBC, Quebec based groups such as Groupe d’assistance et de recherche sur les phénomènes aérospatiaux non-identifiés (GARPAN) and Association Québécoise d’Ufologie (AQU), plus Canadian cases reported to MUFON and NUFORC.

The Canadian UFO Survey also includes reports of UFOs made to the Canadian government. This includes Transport Canada, the Canadian equivalent of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Pilots are required to report UFOs as per “AIP CANADA Part 2 - Enroute (ENR)”:

“Communication Instructions for Reporting Vital Intelligence Sightings (CIRVIS) reports should be made immediately upon a vital intelligence sighting of any airborne and ground objects or activities that appear to be hostile, suspicious, unidentified or engaged in possible illegal smuggling activity. Examples of events requiring CIRVIS reports are: unidentified flying objects…” (https://www.navcanada.ca/en/2enreng27january2022.pdf) (Retrieved 29 January 2022)

In addition to pilots, civilians have been known to file UFO reports as “Aviation Incidents,” and there is separate form for drone incidents. (Drones have been blamed for many UFO sightings.) These incident reports usually are available as Civil Aviation Daily Occurrence Reporting System (CADORS). The justification for reporting UFOs is broadly interpreted as: “Any occurrence which may generate a high degree of public interest or concern or could be of direct interest to specific foreign air authorities.”

In regard to the FAA in the USA, all its website says regarding reports of UFOs is that: “Persons wanting to report UFO/unexplained phenomena activity should contact a UFO/ unexplained phenomena reporting data collection center, such as the National UFO Reporting Center, etc.” and “If concern is expressed that life or property might be endangered, report the activity to the local law enforcement department.” The FAA equivalent to the Transport Canada incident report seems to be FAA 8020-23. (You can report a drone to the FAA too.)

It is interesting to note that the FAA Order 8020.11D has a section on “Spacecraft incidents," which can be investigated under Chapter 7(8)e, noting that: “the Associate Administrator for Commercial Space Transportation (AST) has the authority to conduct independent investigations parallel to an NTSB investigation, including, but not limited to the following: (1) Accidents not investigated by the NTSB. (2) Incidents or other identified mishaps.” So I suppose technically, the FAA could investigate UFO reports under this Order.

But I digress.

Finally, one has to acknowledge that social media is possibly the best way to share your UFO sighting with others. In theory, it’s the most efficient; if all states and provinces had their own separate Facebook groups for reporting UFOs, it would be a tremendous boost to UFO/UAP investigations. Unfortunately, UFO information on social media is in a state akin to the Wild West, with disparate groups that have conflicting agendas controlling the discourse.

Yet, one can find pockets of interactions that have useful information.

In Canada, for example, there are Facebook groups where witnesses in specific provinces report their sightings and others are able to comment (and criticize and flame, unfortunately). The same is true of most US States.

You can find many, many UFO videos posted on YouTube (just search for them), but beware of misinformation and sensational channels that exploit believers.

Possible one of the better sources of UFO info on social media is Reddit, where subreddits on specific UFO topics can provide good insight. In fact, the subreddit lists some way to report your UFO sighting, including: the National Aviation Reporting Center on Anomalous Phenomena (NARCAP) (which has info for pilots to report their UFO sightings); MUFON; The Black Vault; and Aerial Phenomena Investigations (API), which also accepts UFO sighting reports. (In fact, API notes that: “It’s fine to report your sighting to NUFORC, but raw, uninvestigated sightings have very little weight on their own.”)

The other organization mentioned, The Black Vault, is a site created by UFO researcher John Greenewald, whose primary interest is retrieving government documents on various topics, many of which are UFO-related. Nevertheless, his site has a link for reporting UFO sightings, conducted by TBV Investigations (operated by Tiffany Hahn, a licenced private investigator with an interest in the paranormal.)

In other social media, there are some UFO groups and researchers on Twitter, such as the aforementioned UFO Hunters, among many others. Also, many people post Tweets with the hashtag #ufotwitter, which has dozens and dozens of Tweets posted every day.

One thing to consider is that despite the many groups mentioned so far that have links to UFO reporting forms and mechanisms, some may not have the resources or capabilities to investigate UFO reports. You may live hundreds or thousands of miles away from where a group’s investigators live, and how would they visit you and examine where the UFO was seen or landed?

Finally, it’s worth noting that if you see a UFO and report it, your observation may not be considered as useful data for “solving the UFO mystery” at all. The UAPTF doesn’t seem to be interested in civilian UFO reports, just those experienced by military personnel and perhaps recorded by radar and video. The recently formed Galileo Project, which includes a lot of scientists who are interested in the UFO phenomenon, is not interested in the average UFO report. Its founder has been quoted as saying that: “...the best sightings would be those that did not involve humans. He wanted instruments to collect the data without human interaction. He wanted to remove errors that were often generated by human perception and human bias.”

So there you have it. It’s not that there are no ways to report your UFO sighting – it’s that there are so many options. Do you want your report to go the government for its UFO/UAP study? Do you want your report to go to a private UFO group? Do you want to share your UFO/UAP experience with others? MUFON has recently made its database completely closed to non-subscribers, so it’s not open for public viewing, but maybe it’s worth it for you to open your wallet or purse and join them in their quest to understand UFOs. NUFORC might be a good bet for sharing your UFO experience and allowing others to read about what you’ve seen, if that’s your goal.

Maybe you should take care in observing the UFO, noting all relevant details such as those listed on UFO reporting forms, and hang onto your information. Perhaps start a “UFO diary” to record your sighting(s).

Regardless of what you decide, you’re not alone. (No, I’m not necessarily talking about aliens visiting Earth.) Polls and studies have suggested there are at least 35 million people in the United States alone who believe they have seen a UFO.

It’s now up to you.

[NB: All URLs were live as of January 29, 2022. Special thanks for Curt Collins and Ralph Howard for their comments and insight. Thanks also to Mark Rodeghier and Isaac Koi.]

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Monday, January 24, 2022

 

Scientific and scholarly articles about UFOs

 



The ufological world was all agog recently when it was announced that an article about UFOs was being published in a peer-reviewed academic journal.

Amazing! Remarkable! Notable! Unprecedented!

Uh - no.

Despite what you may have heard from skeptics and believers alike, science has taken the subject of UFOs seriously on many, many occasions. Dozens of scholarly and academic articles have appeared in peer-reviewed journals all along, with apparently little notice or interest.

Admittedly, many of these articles looked at ufology in a less than positive light, but a considerable number regarded the subject quite seriously and as a topic of scientific curiosity, if not interest and with relevance to many scientific realms.

I started working on a list of academic articles about UFOs some time ago, and I dusted it off (virtually) when the interest in the recent scientific article manifested.

A number of people have created lists of these articles over the years, including most notably Barry Greenwood's "Union Catalog" of UFO articles. Isaac Koi has a very good list of academic journal articles, and I have added to my own list from his excellent resource.

The following is my list, which is as complete as I could get at this time. I have provided links to online versions of the articles whenever possible, although some links will require institutional memberships to view the articles in full. 

The list is for articles about UFOs, but you will note that I have included some articles on UFO-ish phenomena as well, with discretion.

Also, I should note that this list is not restricted to Q1 and Q2 ranked journals, but others of lower academic rankings which I believe should be read and considered for their scientific approach. Many are written by scientists for lay audiences.

Also, the list does not include many book reviews, editorial comments, news briefs and incidental notes, although I allowed a few in the list for their significance. So, while references to things in major journals such as Nature and Science could have been included dozens and dozens of times, these were not really "peer-reviewed academic or scholarly articles."

Oh, and I did not include many articles from the Journal of Scientific Exploration nor the Journal of UFO Studies. While certainly peer-reviewed, these journals are not in the scientific mainstream community, and I wanted to create a list that showed that scientists outside of the ufology community have published such articles.

I have included papers published in journals with lesser pedigree to show the parallel discourses in other publications that are worth examining. Many of those are published by scientists or people with recognized academic degrees and backgrounds.
 
This list is meant to be a resource to show scientific discourse on the subject. And most scientists are unaware of the bulk of good scientific articles on UAP and UFOs.

I used APA style, with a slight modification here and there for consistency. (I know there are many punctuation typos, so I'm working on that.) I also need to italicize the journal titles.

And yes, I am sure I missed some. This page will be updated as more articles are brought to my attention, and as future articles are published. (Which they certainly will be.)

Many thanks to Isaac for his work and assistance in this effort.

UPDATED JUNE 12, 2024



Significant UFO-related articles, including many published in peer-reviewed scientific journals

 

Ailleris, P. [2011]. The lure of local SETI: Fifty years of field experiments. Acta Astronautica 68, 2. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0094576509005967

 

Akers, D. W. (1972). Report on the Investigation of Nocturnal Light Phenomena at Toppenish, Washington, August 1972. https://sacred-texts.com/ufo/yak1.htm

 

Akers, D. W. [1974]. Investigation of nocturnal light phenomena 1973 sighting reports from Toppenish, Washington. http://theology101.org/ufo/yak2.htm

 

Akers, D. W. (1995). A Statistical Summary of Reports from the Toppenish UFO Study. https://sacred-texts.com/ufo/yak3.htm

 

Akers, D. W. [2001]. Preliminary report on magnetic field measurements recorded at Satus fire lookout – July 11, 2001.” http://www.leeh.net/polyarts/Archive/01070001.pdf

 

Akers, D. W. (2001). Nocturnal light phenomena on the Yakama Indian Reservation - An update for people working and living in the area. The Willard J. Vogel Study, Yakama, Washington. http://www.ltpaobserverproject.com/uploads/3/0/2/0/3020041/the_willard_j._vogel_study.pdf

 

Akers, D. W. [2007]. The Toppenish Field Study: A Technical Review and Update. 7th Bienniel European Society for Scientific Exploration Meeting, Roros, Norway. 


Ananthaswamy , A. (2020). How Many Aliens Are in the Milky Way? Astronomers Turn to Statistics for Answers. Scientific American, https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-many-aliens-are-in-the-milky-way-astronomers-turn-to-statistics-for-answers/


Andresen, Jensine. (2021). Two Elephants in the Room of Astrobiology. In: Torres, Octavio, et al. (eds.). Astrobiology: Science, Ethics, and Public Policy. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119711186.ch10


Anton, A. (2019). UFO research. In: Mayer, G. (ed.). N equals 1: Single case studies in anomalistics. (pp.133–150). 


Anton, Andreas and Vugrin, Fabian. (2022). “UFOs exist and everyone needs to adjust to that fact.” (Dis)Information Campaigns on the UFO Phenomenon. Journal of Anomalistics, 22, pp. 18–35. https://www.igpp.de/eks/pdf/04%20Anton-Vugrin_2022_1.pdf


Antonio, Fernando, et al. (2022). On the dynamics of reporting data: A case study of UFO sightings. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 603(1), 127807. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378437122005295


Appelle, S. (1971). On a behavioral explanation of UFO sightings. Perceptual and motor skills, 32(3), 994. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1971.32.3.994


Appelle, S. (1998). UFOs and the scientific method. Science, 281, 919. doi: 10.1126/science.281.5379.919b


Appelle, S. et al. (2014). “Alien abduction experiences.” In E. Cardeña, S.J. Lynn, and S. Krippner (Eds.), Varieties of anomalous experience: Examining the scientific evidence, 213-240. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association. 


Ashworth, C. E. (1980). Flying saucers, spoon-bending and Atlantis: A structural analysis of new mythologies. The Sociological Review, 28(2), 353-376. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467-954X.1980.tb00369.x

 

Bader, C. D. (1995). The UFO contact movement from the 1950s to the present. Studies in Popular Culture, 17(2), 73-90. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23413704

 

Bader, C. D. (2003). Supernatural support groups: Who are the UFO abductees and ritual-abuse survivors? Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 42(4), 669–678. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1387914

 

Balch, Robert W. and Taylor, David. (1977). Seekers and saucers: The role of the cultic milieu in joining a UFO cult. American Behavioral Scientist, 20(6), pp. 839–860.


Ball, J. (1973). The zoo hypothesis. Icarus, 19(3), 347-349. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0019103573901115

 

Ballester Olmos, V., & Bullard, T.E. (2017). The nature of UFO evidence: Two views. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/33352049/THE_NATURE_OF_UFO_EVIDENCE_TWO_VIEWS


Ballester-Olmos, V.J. and Heiden, Richard. (2023). The Reliability of UFO Witness Testimony. UFO Phenomena International Annual Review (UPIAR). Cooperativa Iniziative e Studi UPIAR s.c., Corso Vittorio Emanuele II n. 108 - 10121 Torino, Italy. http://www.upiar.com/index.cfm?artID=201


Banaji, M. R., and Kihlstrom, J. F. (1996). The ordinary nature of alien abduction memories. Psychological Inquiry, 7(2), 132-135. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1207/s15327965pli0702_3

 

Bartholomew, R. E. (1991). The quest for transcendence: An ethnography of UFOs in America. Anthropology of Consciousness, 2(1‐2), 1-12. https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1525/ac.1991.2.1-2.1


Bartholomew, R.E. et al (1991). “UFO abductees and contactees: Psychopathology or fantasy proneness?” Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 22(3), 215-222.


Biasco, F., and Nunn, K. (2000). College students' attitudes toward UFOs. College Student Journal, 34(1), 96-100. https://web.s.ebscohost.com/abstract?direct=true&profile=ehost&scope=site&authtype=crawler&jrnl=01463934&asa=Y&AN=3024751&h=pFaSTQdViVWKO7mTAFbM9G6qBJCEjXdumNK2EVMo%2bub0Tb3nTDmIHDsb1jWM00XAupyJvrLSUvPRVii%2fIAz2qg%3d%3d&crl=c&resultNs=AdminWebAuth&resultLocal=ErrCrlNotAuth&crlhashurl=login.aspx%3fdirect%3dtrue%26profile%3dehost%26scope%3dsite%26authtype%3dcrawler%26jrnl%3d01463934%26asa%3dY%26AN%3d3024751

 

Bisson C, and Persinger M.A. (1993). Geophysical variables and behavior: LXXV. Possible increased incidence of brain tumors following an episode of luminous phenomena. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 77(3_suppl), 1088-1090. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.2466/pms.1993.77.3f.1088

 

Boli, John. (2021). Small Planet in the Vastness of Space. Globalization and the Proliferation of UFOs, Aliens, and Extraterrestrial Threats to Humanity. In: Globalization/Glocalization: Developments in Theory and Application. International Studies in Sociology and Social Anthropology, 139, pp. 260–288. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004500365_015


Bowers, K. S., and Eastwood, J. D. (1996). On the edge of science: Coping with UFOlogy scientifically. Psychological Inquiry, 7(2), 136-140. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1207/s15327965pli0702_4

 

Bridgstock, M. (1982). A sociological approach to fraud in science. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Sociology, 18(3), 364-383.

 

Bullard, T. E. (1989). UFO abduction reports: the supernatural kidnap narrative returns in technological guise. Journal of American Folklore, 147-170. https://www.jstor.org/stable/540677

 

Bullard, T. E. (2017). Skeptical Successes and Ufological Failures: Opportunities in Uncomfortable Places. Center for UFO Studies. https://cufos.org/PDFs/pdfs/Skeptical_explanations_for_UFOs.pdf


Callahan, P. S., & Mankin, R. W. (1978). Insects as unidentified flying objects. Applied Optics, 17(21), 3355-3360.

 

Carlotto, Mark. (2021). A Preliminary Analysis of Historical UFO Report Data. May 31, 2021. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3857231 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3857231


Caron, E. (2015). “Scientific investigation on unidentified anomalous phenomena (UAP),” in 6th Marie Curie Alumni Association (MCAA) Newsletter. Available online at: https://www.mariecuriealumni.eu/newsletter/scientific-investigation-unidentified-anomalous-phenomena-uap-0


Caron, E. & Faridi, P. (2016). To investigate or not to investigate? Researchers’ views on unexplored atmospheric light phenomena. Frontiers of Earth Science, Section on Atmospheric Science, 4, pp. 1-5. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2016.00017/full


Chen, Y. (2023). Unveiling Hidden Patterns in UFO Sightings: A Text Mining and Geostatistical Approach. UCLA. ProQuest ID: Chen_ucla_0031N_22119. Merritt ID: ark:/13030/m59m2r1p. Retrieved from: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/801708z2


Chequers, J., Joseph, S., and Diduca, D. (1997). Belief in extraterrestrial life, UFO-related beliefs, and schizotypal personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 23(3), 519-521. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0191886997800189

 

Clamar, A. (1988). Is it time for psychology to take UFOs seriously? Psychotherapy in Private Practice, 6(3), 143-149. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J294v06n03_23

 

Clamar, A. (1988). Symposium: The UFO experience: What psychotherapy tells us. Introduction, in: Psychotherapy in Private Practice, 6:3, 141-142

 

Clancy, S. A., et. al. (2002). Memory distortion in people reporting abduction by aliens. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111(3), 455.


Clancy, Susan A. (2005). Abducted. How People Come to Believe They Were Kidnapped by Aliens. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 


Clark, S. E., and Loftus, E. F. (1996). The construction of space alien abduction memories. Psychological Inquiry, 7(2), 140-143. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1207/s15327965pli0702_5


Cloete, R. et al (2023). Preface: Instrumentation and Software for the Detection and Characterization of Unidentified Aerospace Phenomena. Journal of Astronomical Instrumentation, 12(1). https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/10.1142/S2251171723020014


Cloete, R., et al. (2023). Integrated Computing Platform for Detection and Tracking of Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAP). Journal of Astronomical Instrumentation, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1142/S2251171723400081


Cocconi, G. & Morrison, P. [1959]. Searching for Interstellar Communications.  Nature, 184, 844. doi:10.1038/184844a0


Colas, F., et al. (2020). FRIPON: A worldwide network to track incoming meteoroids. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 644, A53. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202038649


Cole, G. H. A. (1996). Thoughts on extraterrestrials prompted by two contributions in a recent issue of Quarterly Journal. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, 37, 257. https://adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1996QJRAS..37..257C

 

Condon, E. U. (1969). UFOs I have loved and lost. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 25(10), 6-8. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00963402.1969.11455289

 

Cook, C. M., and Persinger, M. A. (2001). Geophysical variables and behavior: XCII. Experimental elicitation of the experience of a sentient being by right hemispheric, weak magnetic fields: interaction with temporal lobe sensitivity. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 92(2), 447-448.

 

Cross, A. (2004). The flexibility of scientific rhetoric: A case study of UFO researchers. Qualitative Sociology, 27(1), 3-34. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/B:QUAS.0000015542.28438.41

 

Crowe, R. A., and Miura, C. K. (1995). Challenging pseudoscientific beliefs: Surveying evidence for exotic claims. Psychological reports, 77(3_suppl), 1263-1282. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.2466/pr0.1995.77.3f.1263

 

Crumbaugh, J. C. (1959). ESP and flying saucers: A challenge to parapsychologists. American Psychologist, 14(9), 604–606. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0039416

 

Curtis, E. (2016). Science and technology in Elijah Muhammad’s Nation of Islam astrophysical disaster, genetic engineering, UFOs, white apocalypse, and black resurrection. Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions, 20(1), 5–31.

 

Davis, Lorraine. (1988). A Comparison of UFO and Near-Death Experiences as Vehicles for the Evolution of Human Consciousness. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 6(4), 240-257. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc799343/

 

De la Torre, Gabriel. (2023). Psychological aspects in unidentified anomalous phenomena (UAP) witnesses. International Journal of Astrobiology. 23, 11 Dec. 2023. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-journal-of-astrobiology/article/psychological-aspects-in-unidentified-anomalous-phenomena-uap-witnesses/7D23058E10309384DDAA8E15607485CC


Derr, J. & Persinger, M. (1986). Luminous phenomena and earthquakes in southern Washington. Experientia, 42(9), pp.991-999. https://journals.scholarsportal.info/details/00144754/v42i0009/991_lpaeisw.xml

http://neurosciarchive.byethost12.com/1986-Derr-and-Persinger-Psychological-Reports-Luminous-phenomena-and-earthquakes-in-southern-Washington.pdf


Derr J.S, and Persinger M.A. (1993). Geophysical variables and behavior: LXXVI. Seasonal hydrological load and regional luminous phenomena (UFO reports) within river systems, the Mississippi Valley test. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 77(3_suppl), 1163-1170. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.2466/pms.1993.77.3f.1163

 

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